against all odds
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http://www.blackrockblog.com/2014/02/26/...men-investment-decisions/?
F.Hayek http://www.econlib.org/library/Essays/hykKnw1.html
'...What is the problem we wish to solve when we try to construct a rational economic order? On certain familiar assumptions the answer is simple enough. If we possess all the relevant information, if we can start out from a given system of preferences, and if we command complete knowledge of available means, the problem which remains is purely one of logic. That is, the answer to the question of what is the best use of the available means is implicit in our assumptions. The conditions which the solution of this optimum problem must satisfy have been fully worked out and can be stated best in mathematical form: put at their briefest, they are that the marginal rates of substitution between any two commodities or factors must be the same in all their different uses.
H.2
This, however, is emphatically not the economic problem which society faces. And the economic calculus which we have developed to solve this logical problem, though an important step toward the solution of the economic problem of society, does not yet provide an answer to it. The reason for this is that the "data" from which the economic calculus starts are never for the whole society "given" to a single mind which could work out the implications and can never be so given.
H.3
The peculiar character of the problem of a rational economic order is determined precisely by the fact that the knowledge of the circumstances of which we must make use never exists in concentrated or integrated form but solely as the dispersed bits of incomplete and frequently contradictory knowledge which all the separate individuals possess. The economic problem of society is thus not merely a problem of how to allocate "given" resources—if "given" is taken to mean given to a single mind which deliberately solves the problem set by these "data." It is rather a problem of how to secure the best use of resources known to any of the members of society, for ends whose relative importance only these individuals know. Or, to put it briefly, it is a problem of the utilization of knowledge which is not given to anyone in its totality....'
Insbesondere die USA, aber auch andere Länder, haben viele Jahre lang beklagt, dass China seine Währung künstlich niedrig hält und sich auf diese Weise Exportvorteile sichert. Die chinesische Führung hat das zwar stets bestritten, zeigte sich aber seit 2010 willig, den Yuan doch langsam, aber stetig aufzuwerten. In den vergangenen Jahren ist sein Wert zum Dollar um fast 25 Prozent gestiegen. Dies hatte die Kritik der USA zuletzt verstummen lassen.
Doch was ist in den vergangenen Tagen geschehen? Die Einschätzungen gehen auseinander. ...
weiter http://blog.zeit.de/china/2014/02/28/china-yuan-abwertung/
A: Den Zinsdruck auf andere Aanlageformen
B: Der empirische Beweis der Wirkungslosigkeit existiert nicht
Du hast das Argument A: zwar noch halbwegs richtig aufgegriffen, dieses aber im Verlaufe eines Satzes (Respekt!) in eine vollkommen fiktive Unterstellung (negativer Monetarismus) umgewandelt, gegen die Du dann absätzeweise anschreibst.
Liest sich schön, hat aber nix mit meiner Aussage zu tun. Dass der Zins auch(!) eine Funktion der Kreditnachfrage ist, ist eine Binsenweisheit. Dass aber umgekehrt der Zins auch die Nachfrage beinflussen, man den Unterscheid aber nicht empirisch erfassen kann, weil man die gegenteilige Realität ja nicht kennt, ist für Dich anscheinend unvorstellbar. Daraus zu schließen, dass von sinkender Kreditnachfrage abgesehen jedes andere Argument für tiefe Junkbondzinsen Stammtischduselei ist, ist etwas vermessen, bin ich aber gewohnt. Scheint so, als wärst Du in einer bestimmten Sichtweise gefangen.
Du hast aber recht, ich kenne die MMT nicht und bin auch ansonsten nicht so bewandert in VWL-Dingen. Aber mein gesunder Menschenvertand sagt mir: Ein perpetuum mobile existiert genauso wenig, wie sich ein Münchhausen an den eigenen Haaren aus dem Sumpf gezogen hat. Und darum funktioniert auch das Lösen eines Überschuldungsproblems über noch stärker steigende Verschuldung oder eben das Kaufen der Schuldpapiere durch die Notenbank nicht. Ich weiß, trivial und ganz ohne verquaste Geldtheorie (übrigens mit lächerlich naiven Trivialgleichungen), Stammtisch eben.
Dieser Glaube ist jedoch nicht wirkungslos, insofern dieser im Mainstream gut verankert den Expectation Channel der Akteure beeinflusst. Hören die von Billionen, die die Fed in den Makrt pumpe, agieren sie anders als wenn es heisst, der Geldhahn werde zugreht. QE hat in diesem Sinne gewirkt, nur damit eben ganz anders als gedacht...
Natürlich hast Du mit dem prinzipiellen Einwand recht, dass zur wissenschaftlichen Analyse der QE-Wirkung sozusagen die Kontrollgruppe fehlt. Das Fed-Research selbst hat QE1 und QE2 nach verschiedenen Parametern aufgedröselt und stellt keinen kausalen Effekt auf das GDP fest ('median impact 0.13 %'). Für die moderne Geldtheorie insofern keine Überraschung, als dort Aggregate Demand als kausaler Driver nicht in Frage gestellt wird - und AD eben primär eine Funktion des Einkommens, nicht jedoch der Geldmarktzinsen ist...
Und Stammtisch - es ist mir klar, dass dieser Vorwurf nicht fair und alles andere als Argument ist. Ich bin es aber leid, mit einer auf Ariva absolut minoritären, jedoch gut begründeten Position vom BT-Sumpf ständig zu Bullshit oder Spam erklärt zu werden. Von Leuten, die sich hartnäckig weigern, ihren eigenen logischen Widersprüchen statt zu geben...
'..What is equally interesting (in addition to the fact that QE is not economically
stimulative) with regards to this whole debate is that this policy response in time of a
balance sheet recession is not actually inflationary at all. With the government merely
swapping assets they are not actually "printing" any new money. In fact, the government is now essentially stealing interest bearing assets from the private sector and replacing them with deposits.
This might have made some sense when the credit markets were frozen and bank balance sheets were thought to be largely insolvent, but now that the banks are flush with excess reserves this policy response would in fact be deflationary -
not inflationary. Why would we remove interest bearing assets from the private sector
and replace them with deposits when history clearly shows that this will not stimulate
borrowing?
All of this misconception has the market in a frenzy. Portfolio managers and day traders
can't wait to snatch up stocks on every dip in anticipation of what they believe is an
equivalent to the March 9th 2009 low that was cemented by government intervention. As I have long predicted Ben & Co. have failed. If there is one thing that we know for
certain over the last 24 months it is that Mr. Bernanke's monetary policy has done very
little to get the private sector back on its feet. This man failed to predict the crisis (was in
fact oblivious to its potential), initiated the wrong trickle down policy response and yet
now we turn to him to save us from a double dip and his Committee responds with more
discussion of QE? Will we ever learn?...'
http://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?
Consumer Deleveraging + Private Deinvestment + Public Deinvestment = sinkende Gesamtersparnis
'...Denn selbstverständlich spiegelt sich in der nun anbahnenden ukrainischen Tragödie die objektive Systemkrise des kapitalistischen Weltsystems, das aufgrund permanent voranschreitender Produktivitätssprünge an eine innere Schranke seiner Reproduktionsfähigkeit stößt und eine "überflüssige Menschheit" auf globaler Ebene produziert. Die Deindustrialisierung der Ukraine, ihr permanent anwachsender Kreditbedarf, das Dahinsiechen der nicht konkurrenzfähigen ostukrainischen Restindustrie illustrieren diese eskalierenden kapitalistischen Widersprüche genauso, wie die nun das Land unsicher machenden Nazibanden, die - sollte die Ukraine nicht mehr ökonomisch stabilisiert werden können - eine ähnliche anomische Terrorherrschaft errichten dürften, wie sie etwa salafistische Milizen in Failed States wie Syrien, Libyen oder Irak praktizieren.
Die zunehmende Milizbildung in den russischsprachigen Teilen der Ostukraine spiegelt nicht nur rein optisch diese Barbarisierungstendenzen zur Etablierung offener Bandenherrschaft, sie wird auch durch die gleichen ökonomischen Krisenkräfte gefördert: Ökonomisch "überflüssige" junge Männer schließen sich in der West- wie der Ostukraine in lokalen Kampfverbänden zusammen, wie es ihre Altersgenossen in weiten Teilen des arabischen Raums, des subsaharischen Afrikas oder Mittelamerikas ebenfalls tun, um so eine wahre Plünderungswirtschaft zu betreiben, die sich in Ansätzen in der Ukraine bereits abzeichnet...'
http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/41/41121/1.html
The most florid claim of Bitcoin advocates is that Bitcoin poses “an existential threat to the nation-state,” because nation-states supposedly live in fear that their hold on monetary policy via central banks like the Federal Reserve is threatened by the existence of alternatives to money. But as many economists have pointed out, alternatives to national currencies abound—from frequent flyer miles to credit card bonus point programs, from grocery-store coupons to high-value goods like fine art, precious metals, and gems—and it is only in this trivial and colloquial sense that Bitcoin is money. None of these alternative currencies pose any threat whatsoever to national sovereignty over money, a fact that Bitcoin advocates seem unable to process. In fact, they make continual reference to the superiority of gold-backed money, despite the fact that governments fixed even the price of gold at many moments in history to tame volatility, and in the face of current stories about gold and silver prices being part of the actually conspiratorial LIBOR price fixing scandal. This preference for gold versus what they somewhat inaccurately call the “fiat currency” of nation-states only shows the ideological nature of their assertions, since gold exists right now, is widely traded and untraceable, largely resistant to counterfeiting, and yet is mostly used by the very nation-states that Bitcoin advocates dislike.
The comparison with gold opens the door to the cryptopolitics that underlie too much writing and thinking about Bitcoin. Many of its most vociferous advocates rely on characterizations of the Federal Reserve as a corrupt idea in and of itself, a device run by conspiratorial bankers who want “the state to control everyone’s lives.” These claims are grounded in rhetoric propounded in the US and across the world by far-Right politicians like Ron Paul, a vocal advocate of Bitcoin, whose bald declarations about the Federal Reserve are far more ideological than substantive in nature. Paul claims to want the abolition of the Fed and a return to the Gold Standard, as if this would result in the kind of absolute economic freedom libertarians demand. Yet history shows that Gold Standards themselves are regulatory in nature, and no more free from manipulation, derivation and speculation than are any other currencies; gold itself provides clear evidence of this, in its recent price volatility.
Such beliefs require one to ignore the direct evidence of one’s own eyes. Precisely because it is outside of regulatory structures, Bitcoin is particularly prone to the kinds of hoarding, dumping, and manipulation that characterize all instruments that lack central bank control and regulatory oversight by bodies like the SEC. Contrary to the advocates’ claims, unregulated securities instruments are everywhere in contemporary finance; there is convincing evidence that the inability of the Commodities Futures Trade Commission to establish regulatory authority over CDOs and CMOs is the proximate cause for the economic crisis of 2008. Now the lack of regulation of Bitcoin means that hoarders (as of Dec 2013, half of all Bitcoins were owned by approximately 927 people, such fight-the-power revolutionaries as the Winklevoss twins of Facebook infamy among them) can use all sorts of sophisticated trading methods to manipulate the market. It means that fly-by-night operations can come and go, stealing huge amounts of Bitcoin for themselves (as the operators of the short-lived Silk Road drug supermarket replacement ironically called the Sheep Marketplace appear to have done), or being emptied out by others, all of which may be the story of Mt. Gox....
http://harvardpress.typepad.com/hup_publicity/...-david-golumbia.html
Gold is not a very good form of money because it is not a widely accepted medium of exchange.
Gold is primarily a commodity, but the idea of gold as "money" still remains.
The price of gold has what I refer to as a "faith put" embedded in it because it is often hoarded as a form of money.
But an interesting thing has happened to gold in the last 30 months. It has started to act a lot like a regular old commodity. In fact, its "faith put" seems to have been removed to some degree. If we look at the CRB Index and the price of gold there"s actually been a rather high correlation:
http://pragcap.com/is-gold-becoming-another-regular-old-commodity
Ein Bär hat's schwär!