Trading Bougainville Copper (ADRs) 867948
Speakers: Mr Peter R. TaylorMr Godfrey MantleThe Hon John Momis MPMr Tim Gibson
20/05/2014 10:40 AM - 12:10 PM
[ - ] View Less
MANTLE GROUP WORKSHOP 1:
Facilitator: Mr Godfrey Mantle
The Political Landscape
Building the Economy of Bougainville
Future Options for Bougainville Resources
Nur spielen sich diese positiven Entwicklungen um Zentral Bougainville herum ab und nicht an der Wurzel des Problems.
Möchte damit sagen, Miringtoro oder auch Miningtoro wie er auch schon in den letzten Pressemeldungen betitelt wurde sperrt sich gegen eine Öffnung gegen Panguna zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt und das ist der Knackpunkt.
Auch Miningtoro ist an einer Eröffnung von Panguna interessiert, nur spielt er für ein
anderes Team, nämlich die Chinesen.
http://www.buysellsignals.net/bcllandowners/Newsletter.do
Turning to mining more broadly, the ABG has been working with the PNG National Government to implement the provisions of the Bougainville Peace Agreement to allow the ABG to exercise mining powers normally exercised by the National Government. This process is largely complete. It has involved establishing an ABG Mining Department, the development by the ABG of its own mining policy, and preparation of Bougainville mining legislation.
The principle underlying these initiatives is that mining in Bougainville must be controlled by Bougainville, and all decisions on future mining must involve the highest possible participation by Bougainvilleans. Exploration will be permitted only with the consent of customary landowners for the areas concerned, and with the approval of the ABG. Landowners will be fully involved in all decisions about grant of mining leases. Benefits from mining must be equitably distributed among those directly affected and all Bougainvilleans. The policy and legislation also gives close attention to the need to encourage rational development of the rapidly expanding artisanal gold sector of our mining economy.
The ABG intends to pass a Bougainville Mining (Transitional Arrangements) Bill in June 2014, in order to address urgent issues arising from attempts by individuals and by corporate interests to gain access to minerals and negotiateinequitable agreements with small groups of landowners. Permanent mining legislation is expected to be enacted early in 2015.
Once Bougainville has its own mining legislation the ABG will reassess the moratorium which currently applies to exploration on Bougainville. The ABG plans to undertake geological survey work to better assess the prospectivity of different parts of Bougainville. Drawing on this information, the ABG will gradually open up areas for exploration, but only where customary landowners support such a move.
In conclusion
Ladies and gentlemen, as I hope you now better understand, in a post-conflict situation such as exists in Bougainville, the way economic and business development occurs can have major impacts on conflict resolution and peace- building. Further, political processes, such as those set in train by the Bougainville Peace Agreement, can create their own economic pressures, as for example, the referendum timetable being the single most important factor in the ABG pursuing negotiations about re-opening the Panguna mine. But whatever those political pressures, the ABG remains committed to development of its mining sector in ways that provide economic opportunities for as many Bougainvilleans as possible, ensures an equitable spread of economic opportunities, and ensures active participation by Bougainvilleans in decision- making at all stages.
Übrigens: Lindsay B. Semple has resigned from the company as Chief Operating Officer, effective immediately..
http://www.stockhouse.com/news/press-releases/...ion-of-an-officer-of
In terms of future preparations for negotiations regarding Panguna, the ABG hopes that the Bel Kol ceremony can happen in July 2014. BCL will then be able to establish an office in Arawa. Work can then begin to identify and address immediate environmental issues.
The immediate focus will be those arising from contaminants that were not properly disposed of because of BCL’s forced departure from Bougainville. Work will also commence on identifying and addressing the most urgent social needs faced by landowners in the Panguna area. BCL will also be able to commence technical investigations necessary for undertaking its next levels of feasibility studies.
One further point concerning preparations is that for the past 12 months or so, the ABG and the landowner representatives have been identifying, and discussing, the agenda of issues that Bougainvilleans will want addressed when negotiations begin. In addition to key issues such as protection of the environment and a fair economic return to Bougainville, our focus is already on those same issues I mentioned above. In other words, if mining goes ahead, it must provide economic opportunities for as many Bougainvilleans as possible, ensure an equitable spread of economic opportunities, and ensure active participation by Bougainvilleans in decision-making at all stages, including once the mine is operating.
An additional key issue already being considered by the ABG is how best to ensure that a significant part of the funds generated by any future mining is used not just for past compensation and immediate needs, but is instead used to build a diversified and sustainable Bougainville economy.
Through the various steps I have outlined, we have moved gradually to the point where I believe we can soon begin negotiations with BCL. Of course, unlike other mining negotiations elsewhere in PNG, they will not relate solely to future mining operations. They will also deal with how best to respond to environmental damage caused by past mining, and also with other significant ‘legacy’ issues.
The negotiations will take time, particularly because of time expected to be needed to conduct baseline and other technical studies. While we hope for a successful outcome, we will be ready to negotiate with other highly reputable miners if an agreement cannot be reached with BCL.
Ultimately, while we hope for success, we cannot even assume that Panguna will prove a viable project for re-opening. It is for that reason that I have made it clear that the ABG will be identifying other prospective areas, where landowners are open to exploration and mining. Exploration may then be permitted in a limited number of such areas. Of course, ‘green-field’ exploration projects are a different proposition from re-opening the already proven resource at Panguna. It’s likely that if minerals are found, it would be at least 15 years from exploration to beginning of production.
"... wenn keine Einigung mit BCL erreicht wird, suchen wir uns eine andere Minengesellschaft mit hoher Reputation...**"
Und
"... wenns mit Panguna nix wird, dann suchen wir andere Gegenden, wo die Landeigner eine Mine wollen..."
Und
... "das wird dann aber 15Jahre dauern bis Dollars fließen"
**ich finde er hätte hier, um die Vollständigkeit zu wahren, ruhig dazusagen können "...andere Minengesellschaft mit hoher Reputation, die bereit ist Bel Kol, Kompensation und die Steuerschulden von BCL zu zahlen..."
Autonomous Bougainville government president John Momis said this yesterday at a workshop which was part of the 30th Papua New Guinea-Australia Business Forum in the Australian city of Cairns.
He said leaders representing the landowners of the mine lease areas had indicated that they preferred BCL [Rio-Tinto] due to its role as the developer and operator of the mine and the fact that it owns existing legal rights to the land on which the mine sits.
"They talk of preferring the "devil they know and not a new devil". In large part they acknowledge that BCL [Rio Tinto] accepts that it played a role in what went wrong at Panguna and is prepared to contribute to finding workable solutions. They fear that a new developer may not have the same attitude. They also acknowledge, quite openly, that BCL [Rio Tinto] did some things very well, especially training of Bougainvilleans," said Mr Momis.
"So if the negotiations we are preparing for do get underway later this year, as we hope, they will begin with BCL [Rio Tinto]. But if we are unable to reach an acceptable agreement, the ABG and the landowners will seek other potential developers with a proven track record of developing and managing similar large scale but low grade copper and gold deposits."
Women on the island are also of the view that should the ABG reopen the mine said Mr Momis, though on the condition that other issues were addressed and the wealth from the project is fairly distributed to Bougainvilleans.
Mr Momis said work on Bougainville"s mining policy and legislation was also complete and would see the establishment of a mining department.
ramunickel | May 21, 2014 at 12:26
John Momis*
Let me begin by answering a key question: why would the ABG consider re- opening the very mine that was at the heart of the worst conflict ever to occur amongst Pacific islanders?
There are many factors involved. But the central issues concern the unique political pressures facing the ABG because of the combination of the timetable for the referendum and our lack of a sustainable revenue base. We have strictly limited time in which to get real autonomy working, and before people are faced with a choice about independence. It is that limited time that requires us to focus on exploring the possibility of re-opening Panguna, for all being well, that could occur in the early 2020s, and the ABG would be in receipt of substantial taxation revenues during the projected three year construction period.
I also must make another fundamental point. It relates to the point I have already made about the vital importance of participation by Bougainvilleans in making decisions about the economy.
The ABG’s approach to the reopening of Panguna has been driven, and will continue to be driven, by the wishes of Panguna-affected landowners and the people of Bougainville. I have stated publicly on many occasions that the mine will only re-open if the Panguna lease landowners agree.
So let me outline some of the main things we have been doing to consult landowners and other Bougainvilleans, and to prepare for possible negotiations about the future of the mine. These things have been done slowly, deliberately, and carefully. We have no intention of rushing into making decisions about re- opening the mine. Rather, we are first ensuring that mine lease area landowners are organised in such a way as to be fully involved in every step of the process.
The ABG started to consult with customary landowners about their views on reopening the mine in 2009. Large meetings were held in each lease area in March and July 2010. These meetings established that most landowners were open to the possibility of the Panguna mine re-opening, if certain conditions are met.
Landowners said that problems caused by past mining must be resolved; that new and fair conditions must be applied to any future mining; that landowners must participate fully at all stages of development; and that landowners for different lease areas wanted to have their own representative associations to make sure their specific concerns are adequately addressed.
So from mid-2010, the ABG worked closely with the landowners from the mine lease areas to establish associations to represent their views. There are now nine separate associations. This has been very slow work, but absolutely essential if the landowners’ voices are to be truly heard.
In 2012 and 2013 the ABG organised Regional Forums throughout Bougainville to provide information and solicit the views of stakeholder groups and the Bougainville general public on mining related issues.
The Forums indicated support for reopening Panguna, as long as this could be done in a way that is fair and just and contributes to the welfare, security and wellbeing of the Bougainvilleans.
The ABG also undertook two forums and numerous smaller meetings to engage with ex-combatants, and in late March 2014 held a Bougainville Women’s Mining Forum in Buka attended by over 200 women representatives from all over Bougainville.
Women reiterated the view expressed in other forums that the ABG should consider reopening of Panguna, but only if this can be done in a way that addresses issues from earlier mining and the conflict it created, and if the benefits of any new project are allocated in a way that is fair to Bougainvilleans.
Some critics have said these Forums were staged events, attended only by selected people who the ABG knew supported mining. Nothing could be further from the truth. Invitations went to the widest possible range of organisations. They were asked to select their own representatives. The Forums were open to any who wished to attend. The ABG did not control the agenda or the discussion. So the Forums have provided a very good indication of the views of the community leaders and other opinion leaders of Bougainville.
Against this background of extensive consultations and general support in Bougainville for the reopening of Panguna if stringent conditions can be met, the ABG has undertaken a great deal of work to ensure that customary landowners and the ABG itself are well prepared for negotiations regarding the future of the mine.
Let’s be clear: the ABG is not assuming that the mine will reopen or that, if it is, Bougainville Copper Ltd (BCL)/Rio Tinto will be the operator. Panguna will only reopen if the proposed project and its operator are able to deliver sustainable social and economic benefits for customary landowners and all of Bougainville, and can do so in a way that avoids creating further conflict.
Some critics have attacked the ABG for being willing to even negotiate with BCL. I have been accused of being too close to BCL, of ‘selling out’. In fact, as many of you know, from the late 1960s I was a consistent critic of BCL, and have certainly not become beholden to BCL since becoming Bougainville’s President in 2010. Indeed, I was initially seeking other possible developers for Panguna. But we have two main reasons for now engaging with BCL.
First, the leaders of the landowners from the mine lease areas have consistently indicated that they prefer to deal with BCL rather than a new potential operator. They talk of preferring the ‘devil they know, and not a new devil’. In large part they mean that they acknowledge that BCL both accepts that it played a role in what went wrong at Panguna and is prepared to contribute to finding workable solutions. They fear that a new developer may not have the same attitude. They also acknowledge, quite openly, that BCL did some things very well, especially training of Bougainvilleans. If we are committed to fully involving the landowners, we must listen to them on this issue. Second, the ABG accepts that BCL has existing legal rights that cannot simply be ignored.
So, if the negotiations we are preparing for do get underway later this year, as we hope, they will begin with BCL. But if we are unable to reach an acceptable agreement, the ABG and the landowners will seek other potential developers with a proven track record of developing and managing similar large scale but low grade copper and gold deposits.
Authorising the establishment of the nine associations to represent landowners, and the holding of the Forums have been important steps in preparing for negotiations on the future of Panguna. But in addition the ABG has done much else.
We have established:
a Ministerial Committee chaired by the President to provide political direction in the preparation for and conduct of the negotiations;
a Steering Group of senior ABG officials to direct the preparations for negotiations; and
an Office of Panguna Negotiations to undertake the work involved;
We have approved a Negotiation Structure which will ensure input into negotiations by all Bougainvilleans, and specific opportunities for input by key interest groups including landowners, women and ex-combatants;
For well over a year, we have been engaging with BCL and landowners regarding the conduct of a reconciliation ceremony or “Bel Kol”, as the first step towards BCL establishing a presence on Bougainville;
Through the ABG budget we have allocated substantial funding (some K7 million) to these preparations from our own resources, a large amount given the small size of the ABG budget;
We have negotiated with BCL, the Government of Papua New Guineas (GPNG) and development agencies to provide funding for ABG and landowners to participate fully and effectively in negotiations over coming years;
We have taken the lead in establishing a multi-donor trust fund as part of mechanisms intended to ensure that funding for preparations for negotiations, and participation by landowners and the ABG, are provided with no strings attached and managed transparently;
The ABG also took the lead in establishing a ‘Panguna Negotiations Joint Coordination Committee’ (JPNCC) comprised of representatives of the ABG, GPNG, BCL and Landowner Associations. The JPNCC has met regularly since March 2013 and has made significant progress in preparations for possible negotiations on the future of the Panguna mine. Its key role is to coordinate preparation for negotiations, including the conduct of environmental and social baseline studies.
These baseline studies must be conducted regardless of whether Panguna reopens or not, because they will generate critical information needed to address urgent environmental and social issues created by earlier mining and related activities.
The studies will also help ensure that Landowners and the ABG have critically important available to them. That will be needed to negotiate strong and fair agreements with the National Government and BCL or other investors. The information will also ensure that the ABG, BCL and the National Government understand what are the most urgent and important issues for landowners and other people affected by Panguna.
All the baseline studies and the consultants undertaking them will be approved and overseen by the JPNCC, rather than only by the developer, which is normally the case in Papua New Guinea. This too ensures that Bougainvilleans (ABG and landowners representatives) are actively participating in decision- making at all stages.
It also means that the ABG and landowners can together ensure that the baseline studies are carried out to a high technical standard. This increases the likelihood that baseline study results can be accepted by all stakeholders. In pursuit of those goals, the ABG is also organising for independent experts like the United Nations Environment Program to monitor the scope and quality of the studies.
Landowners will also be directly involved in the conduct of the baseline studies, for the consultants will be required to employ and train as many as practicable. In this way significant economic opportunities will be created. It also allows landowners to assure themselves of the quality of the studies.
In terms of future preparations for negotiations regarding Panguna, the ABG hopes that the Bel Kol ceremony can happen in July 2014. BCL will then be able to establish an office in Arawa. Work can then begin to identify and address immediate environmental issues.
The immediate focus will be those arising from contaminants that were not properly disposed of because of BCL’s forced departure from Bougainville. Work will also commence on identifying and addressing the most urgent social needs faced by landowners in the Panguna area. BCL will also be able to commence technical investigations necessary for undertaking its next levels of feasibility studies.
One further point concerning preparations is that for the past 12 months or so, the ABG and the landowner representatives have been identifying, and discussing, the agenda of issues that Bougainvilleans will want addressed when negotiations begin. In addition to key issues such as protection of the environment and a fair economic return to Bougainville, our focus is already on those same issues I mentioned above. In other words, if mining goes ahead, it must provide economic opportunities for as many Bougainvilleans as possible, ensure an equitable spread of economic opportunities, and ensure active participation by Bougainvilleans in decision-making at all stages, including once the mine is operating.
An additional key issue already being considered by the ABG is how best to ensure that a significant part of the funds generated by any future mining is used not just for past compensation and immediate needs, but is instead used to build a diversified and sustainable Bougainville economy.
Through the various steps I have outlined, we have moved gradually to the point where I believe we can soon begin negotiations with BCL. Of course, unlike other mining negotiations elsewhere in PNG, they will not relate solely to future mining operations. They will also deal with how best to respond to environmental damage caused by past mining, and also with other significant ‘legacy’ issues.
The negotiations will take time, particularly because of time expected to be needed to conduct baseline and other technical studies. While we hope for a successful outcome, we will be ready to negotiate with other highly reputable miners if an agreement cannot be reached with BCL.
Ultimately, while we hope for success, we cannot even assume that Panguna will prove a viable project for re-opening. It is for that reason that I have made it clear that the ABG will be identifying other prospective areas, where landowners are open to exploration and mining. Exploration may then be permitted in a limited number of such areas. Of course, ‘green-field’ exploration projects are a different proposition from re-opening the already proven resource at Panguna. It’s likely that if minerals are found, it would be at least 15 years from exploration to beginning of production.
* From the Presentation given at the Australia Papua New Guinea Business Forum in Cairns on May 20, 2014
Anlass gab mir folgender Auszug aus # 18482 (ganz unten)
Hier sagt Miningtoro:
"As the person mandated by the people of Central Bougainville through popular democratic vote and as member of a clan that holds three quarters of land from the pit to tailings dump at Panguna mine, it is my duty to ensure that my people do not become victims and spectators of what happens in their land.
Für mich ist Miningtoro für ganz Zentral Bougainville zuständig, was ihm in meinen Augen ein großes politisches Gewicht gibt. Bitte gerne berichtigen wenn ich darin falsch liege.
Das Weapons Disposal läuft vom 19.05.-26.05. wäre schön, wenn da die Tage auch mal was vorankommen würde.
"We have strictly limited time in which to get real autonomy working, and before people are faced with a choice about independence.
It is that limited time that requires us to focus on exploring the possibility of re-opening Panguna, for all being well, that could occur in the early 2020s, and the ABG would be in receipt of substantial taxation revenues during the projected three year construction period."
Belcol, Uebertragung der Miningpower ans ABG und Verabschiedung der Mining Policy im Juni ist ziemlich ambitionniert von Momis aber vielleicht klappts ja diesmal, sozusagen ganz "Unexpected" ;-)))))
http://www.buysellsignals.net/bcllandowners/Newsletter.do
.........an alle Mitglieder des B`viller Chat http://yahoo.group/bville geschickt hat lässt darauf schliessen dass er sich damit identifizieren kann.
....es kann auch so interpretiert werden das auf Grund der guten Nachrichtenlage nach dem Motto ´´´sell on good New´s ´´ von dem einen oder anderen spekuliert wird. Wir werden es sehen. ;-)))
Rio Tinto expects to meet Momis" conditions for reopening Panguna
What is most interesting about the report below from Radio Australia is not its misleading headline or pro-mining / pro Rio Tinto frame - we expect those - but what it reveals about a deal that has already been done between John Momis and Rio Tinto over the re-opening of the Panguna mine.
Look what we are told, John Momis 'has put strict conditions on approval of the mine' [CARE TO TELL BOUGAINVILLE WHAT THOSE CONDITIONS ARE JOHN?] and Peter Taylor already knows those conditions and expects to meet them, 'there are criteria that he [Momis] expects any potential operator to meet. We think we will be in good shape to meet those criteria so at that level I am not concerned'.
SO COME ON GUYS, TELL US, WHAT ARE THE CONDITIONS THAT HAVE BEEN SET AND HOW WILL RIO-TINTO MEET THEM?
Oh, and whatever happened to the myth you have been peddling about the people of Bougainville having the final say...
Rio Tinto cannot assume it will operate mine - Momis
ABC Radio Australia
Bougainville's President John Momis says he is not assuming that the Rio Tinto-owned copper mine on Bougainville will re-open or that Rio Tinto or its subsidiary Bougainville copper will be the operator.
Moves to re-open the mine have been underway for 5 years but, as the mine was the spark which lit a 10-year civil war on the island in the 1980's and 90's, the issue is a sensitive one.
Mr Momis told the Australia PNG Business Forum earlier this week that extensive consultations are underway and that landowers have indicated that they prefer Bougainville Copper.
Presenter: Jemima Garrett.
Speakers: John Momis, President, Bougainville
Peter Taylor, Executive Chairman, Bougainville Copper Ltd
GARRETT: Bougainville is due to hold a referendum on Independence from Papua New Guinea before mid-2020 but for there to be a real choice the Austonomous Bougainville Government must have an independent source of revenue.
For many on Bougainville, including President John Momis, the massive Panguna copper mine owned by Rio-Tinto subsidiary BCL is the best hope.
Mr Momis says altho he initially sought other developers, he and his people are now backing Bougainville copper.
MOMIS: The leaders of the landowers from the mine have consistently indicated that they prefer to deal with BCL rather than a new potential operator. They talk of preferring the devil they know and not a new devil. In large part they mean that they achknowledge that BCL both accepts that it played a role in what went wrong at Panguna and is prepared to contribute to finding workable solutions. They fear that a new developer may not have the same attitude.
GARRETT: Back in 1975 the Panguna copper mine was the revenue source that bank-rolled Papua New Guinea's independence from Australia.
The agreement to get it up and running in time was rushed and its failure to deliver benefits to landowners led to the grievances behind the civil war.
This time President Momis is determined to get it right.
He has put strict conditions on approval of the mine and says Bougainville Copper and its 53 per cent shareholder, Rio Tinto, cannot assume they will be the operator.
While BCL's Executive Chairman Peter Taylor is not too keen on being seen as the 'preferred devil' he is not worried the company will be ousted.
TAYLOR: There are criteria that he expects any potential operator to meet. We think we will be in good shape to meet those criteria so at that level I am not concerned.
GARRETT: President Momis says any mining development must provide opportunities for as many Bougainvilleans as possible, and it must spread the opportunities equitably and ensure participation of Bougainvilleans in decision-making. What are you prepared to do to make that happen?
TAYLOR: Well, I certainly share that view. We will certainly give priority to Bougainvilleans. In terms of training we might do for potential workers in the future, we will employ as many Bougainvilleans as possible. That is common sense any way. You would rather have local employees than outsiders because it is more economic to do it that way, but none the less it also helps us be part of the community rather than just be an operation in the community.
GARRETT: President Momis is working hard to diversify Bougainville's economy.
Crops such as cocoa are now providing substantial income for Bougainvilleans but not the tax revenue needed for Bougainville to be self-reliant.
Mr Momis sees Panguna having an impact well beyond mining.
MOMIS: Panguna mine will be like a magnet that attracts a lot of other businesses and it only needs Bougainville Copper landowners and ABG to agree and that will attract a lot of these companies to come and generate income for the people and revenue for the government.
GARRETT: At this stage how do you rate Bougainville copper's approach to the negotiations?
MOMIS: BCL's approach to the negotiations I think has been quite good. We don't know what Rio Tinto will do because they are so remote from us but I must say Bougainville Copper's approach is very good and I am quite happy that we are collaborating and I think we sort of share in a general way a common vision to generate revenue for Bougainville, of course revenue for the company, and do things under a new paradigm where the ABG (Autonomous Bougainville Government) and the landowners are not just treated as marginalised units.
GARRETT: Is it time Rio Tinto took more interest in Bougainville?
MOMIS: I think so! And I think Rio Tinto is probably being consistently and systematically briefed by BCL. We haven't heard anything that might mitigate against the process proceeding towards reaching a conclusion, in fact, we are very happy with Bougainville Copper's approach so far.
Anthony Kaybing
220514
The Autonomous Bougainville Government’s approach to the reopening of the Panguna Mine will continue to be driven by the wishes of the landowners and the people of Bougainville.
ABG President Chief Dr John Momis made this remark during the 30th Australia PNG Business forum in Cairns this week.
“We have strictly limited time in which to get real autonomy working, and before people are faced with a choice about independence, it is that limited time that requires us to focus on exploring the possibility of re-opening Panguna to create fiscal self-reliance on Bougainville,” the President said.
“We must focus on exploring the possibility of re-opening Panguna, for all being well that could occur in the early 2020s and the ABG would be in receipt of substantial taxation revenues during the projected three year construction period,” he added.
The ABG has been working with the PNG National Government to implement the provisions of the Bougainville Peace Agreement to allow it to exercise mining powers normally exercised by the National Government.
This process is largely complete and has involved establishing an ABG Mining Department, the development by the ABG of its own mining policy, and preparation of Bougainville mining legislation.
Unlike what most critics claim the ABG has continued to consult with landowners and other Bougainvilleans to prepare for possible negotiations about the future of the mine are being done slowly, deliberately, and carefully.
“We have no intention to rush and we are first ensuring that mine lease area landowners are organised in such a way as to be fully involved in every step of the process,” President Momis said.
He said inspite of critics claiming the ABG’s hand in manipulating the issue and silently lobbying for the return of BCL the ABG has always remained objective.
He adds that the decision to have BCL return to Bougainville depends on the company but further stated that the landowners themselves do want BCL to return referring to the axiom “it is better to have the devil you than the devil you don’t”.
The President expressed that if mining goes ahead, it must provide economic opportunities for as many Bougainvilleans as possible, ensure an equitable spread of economic opportunities, and ensure active participation by Bougainvilleans in decision-making at all stages, including once the mine is operating.
Die Under-Tailings möchten u.a. Sanitäranlagen.;-))