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In 54 Claudius died. It was generally suspected that he was poisoned by Agrippina. Because Nero was only 16 when he succeeded Claudius, Agrippina at first attempted to play the role of regent. Her power gradually weakened, however, as Nero came to take charge of the government. As a result of her opposition to Nero’s affair with Poppaea Sabina, the Emperor decided to murder his mother. Inviting her to Baiae, he had her set forth on the Bay of Naples in a boat designed to sink, but she swam ashore. Eventually she was put to death on Nero’s orders at her country house.

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Julia Agrippina
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Agrippina the Younger, bust by an unknown artist; in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples
BORN
15
DIED
59 (aged 44)
NOTABLE FAMILY MEMBERS
Spouse Claudius
Father Germanicus
Mother Vipsania Agrippina
Son Nero
Brother Caligula
CLAUDIUS
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Claudius
Roman emperor
 
WRITTEN BY
Arnaldo Dante Momigliano
Alexander White Visiting Professor, University of Chicago, 1975–87. Professor of Ancient History, University College, University of London, 1951–75. Author of Claudius, The Emperor and His Achievement...
Last Updated: Dec 15, 2020 See Article History
Alternative Titles: Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus
Claudius, in full Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, original name (until 41 CE) Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus, (born August 1, 10 BCE, Lugdunum [Lyon], Gaul—died October 13, 54 CE), Roman emperor (41–54 CE), who extended Roman rule in North Africa and made Britain a province.

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Early Life
The son of Nero Claudius Drusus, a popular and successful Roman general, and the younger Antonia, he was the nephew of the emperor Tiberius and a grandson of Livia Drusilla, the wife of the emperor Augustus. Ill health, unattractive appearance, clumsiness of manner, and coarseness of taste did not recommend him for a public life. The imperial family seems to have considered him something of an embarrassment, and he was long left to his own private studies and amusements. It was the historian Livy who recognized and encouraged his inclination for historical studies. Claudius wrote a pamphlet defending the republican politician and orator Cicero, who was executed by the triumvirs; and, having discovered that it was difficult to speak freely on the civil wars toward the end of the Roman Republic, he began a history of Rome with the principate of Augustus. He composed 20 books of Etruscan and 8 books of Carthaginian history, all in Greek; an autobiography; and a historical treatise on the Roman alphabet with suggestions for orthographical reform—which as emperor he later tried not very successfully to implement. He also wrote on dice playing, of which he was fond. All his works are lost, and their importance cannot be measured. The Etruscan history may have had original material: his first wife, Plautia Urgulanilla, had Etruscan blood, and her family was probably able to put Claudius in touch with authentic Etruscan traditions. After divorcing Urgulanilla, he in turn married Aelia Paetina, Valeria Messalina, who was his wife at his accession, and, finally, Agrippina the Younger. By his first three wives he had five children, of whom Drusus and Claudia died before he became emperor. As a young man Claudius was made a member of various religious colleges, but he became consul only under the reign of his older brother’s son Gaius (Caligula) in 37. There was, however, little cordiality between the two.

Emperor And Colonizer
Power came to Claudius unexpectedly after Gaius’s murder on January 24, 41, when he was discovered trembling in the palace by a soldier. The Praetorian Guards, the imperial household troops, made him emperor on January 25. By family tradition and antiquarian inclinations, Claudius was in sympathy with the senatorial aristocracy; but soldiers and courtiers were his real supporters, while freedmen and foreigners had been his friends in the days of neglect. Initially, the attitude of the Senate was at best ambiguous. In 42 many senators supported the ill-fated rebellion of the Governor of Dalmatia. Even later, several attempts on Claudius’s life involved senators and knights. Though paying homage to the dignity of the Senate (to whose administration he returned the provinces of Macedonia and Achaea) and giving new opportunities to the knights, Claudius was ruthless and occasionally cruel in his dealings with individual members of both orders. From the very beginning he emphasized his friendship with the army and paid cash for his proclamation as emperor.

Claudius
Claudius
Bust of Claudius.
© FotoWorx/Fotolia
Claudius’s decision to invade Britain (43) and his personal appearance at the climax of the expedition, the crossing of the Thames and the capture of Camulodunum (Colchester), were prompted by his need of popularity and glory. But concern with the anti-Roman influence of the Druid priesthood, which he tried to suppress in Gaul, and a general inclination toward expanding the frontiers were other reasons. Claudius planted a colony of veterans at Camulodunum and established client-kingdoms to protect the frontiers of the province; these were afterward a source of trouble, such as the revolt in 47 of Prasutagus, client-king of the Iceni, and later the general revolt instigated by his wife Boudicca (also called Boadicea). He also annexed Mauretania (41–42) in North Africa, of which he made two provinces (Caesariensis in the east and Tingitana in the west), Lycia in Asia Minor (43), and Thrace (46). Though he enlarged the kingdom of Herod Agrippa I, he later made Judaea a province on Agrippa’s death in 44. In 49 he annexed Iturea (northeastern Palestine) to the province of Syria. He was careful not to involve the empire in major wars with the Germans and the Parthians. Claudius supported Roman control of Armenia, but in 52 he preferred the collapse of the pro-Roman government to a war with Parthia, leaving a difficult situation to his successor.

Tipasa, Algeria: Roman ruins
Tipasa, Algeria: Roman ruins
View of the Roman ruins in Tipasa, Algeria. Founded by the Phoenicians, Tipasa was colonized by the Romans under the emperor Claudius and afterward became a municipium.
© Photos.com/Jupiterimages
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In the civil administration, many measures demonstrate Claudius’s enlightened policy. He improved in detail the judicial system, and, in his dealings with the provinces, he favoured a moderate extension of Roman citizenship by individual and collective grants: in Noricum, a district south of the Danube comprising what is now central Austria and parts of Bavaria, for instance, five communities became Roman municipalities. He encouraged urbanization and planted several colonies, for example, at Camulodunum and at Colonia Agrippinensis (modern Cologne) in Germany in 51. In his religious policy Claudius respected tradition; he revived old religious ceremonies, celebrated the festival of the Secular Games in 47 (three days and nights of games and sacrifice commemorating the 800th birthday of Rome), made himself a censor in 47, and extended in 49 the pomerium of Rome (i.e., the boundary of the area in which only Roman gods could be worshipped and magistrates ruled with civil, not military, powers). He protected the haruspices (diviners) and probably Romanized the cult of the Phrygian deity Attis. According to the biographer Suetonius in Claudius, during a period of troubles Claudius expelled the Jews from Rome for a short time; Christians may have been involved. Elsewhere he confirmed existing Jewish rights and privileges, and in Alexandria he tried to protect the Jews without provoking Egyptian nationalism. In a surviving letter addressed to the city of Alexandria, he asked Jews and non-Jews “to stop this destructive and obstinate mutual enmity.” Although personally disinclined to accept divine honours, he did not seriously oppose the current trend and had a temple erected to himself in Camulodunum. His public works include the reorganization of the grain supply of Rome and construction of a new harbour at Ostia, which was later improved by the emperor Trajan.

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Claudius
QUICK FACTS
Claudius I
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BORN
August 1, 10 BCE
Lyon, France
DIED
October 13, 54
TITLE / OFFICE
Emperor, Roman Empire (41-54)
ROLE IN
Battle Of Medway
HOUSE / DYNASTY
Julio-Claudian dynasty
NOTABLE FAMILY MEMBERS
Spouse Messalina Valeria
Spouse Julia Agrippina
Father Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus
Brother Germanicus
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Ich lebe als illegaler Metamigrant mal hier mal dort und arbeite dabei an postsakralen Ambient-Landscapes, rein informell natürlich

Einem Hörerwunsch folgend, den Beitrag Nr 3 aus dem Forum https://www.ariva.de/forum/tenebrae-responsoria-572497?page=0#jumppos3 zu begutachten, hab ich folgendes notiert:

Es ist umgekehrt. Man macht den ganzen lieben Tag über lauter unvernüftige Dinge, die den wohldefinierten eigenen materiellen Interessen - dem Fressen - mit entschiedener Verachtung entgegenstehen. Das muss jetzt nicht nur das euphorische Springen in den Schützengraben oder das Einspannen aller Ressourcen für das Ausrotten als störend befundener 'Rassen' sein, das kann sich auch in endlosen Bekehrungsversuchen auf Börsenplattformen wiederspiegeln. Diese Dinge macht man aus moralischen Gründen, nicht damit abends mehr auf den Tisch kommt.

Die These 'Erst kommt das Fressen, dann die Moral' ist Herrschaftsideologie, die mangels Alternative darauf setzt, die Beherrschten bestechen zu können, wenn man ihnen nur genug Brot und Spiele anbieten würde. Aber so läuft der Laden nicht. Will man dass die mitziehen muss man ihnen ein exklusives und deshalb unwiderstehliches Sinnangebot machen.  Die frühen Kirchenväter, Adolf, auch Trump haben dies kapiert.  

 

Das gesamte Poem ist sehr lesenswert - nicht nur für Hundebesitzer!


Moral

   Auch du, mein Brutus, auch du, du frißt?
   So ruft wehmütig der Moralist.
   Ja, böses Beispiel kann verführen;
   Und, ach! gleich allen Säugetieren,
   Nicht ganz und gar vollkommen ist
   Der tugendhafte Hund - er frißt!

https://www.staff.uni-mainz.de/pommeren/Gedichte/...Nachlese/hund.htm
 

 

I've got no roots, but my home was never on the ground
I've got no roots, but my home was never on the ground
I've got no roo-oo-oo-oo-oo-oots
I've got no roo-oo-oo-oo-oo-oots
I've got no roots, but my home was never on the ground
I've got no roots, but my home was never on the ground
I've got no roo-oo-oo-oo-oo-oots
I've got no roo-oo-oo-oo-oo-oots